Mac Laptop
MacBook Air 13-inch M3
MacBook Air 13". Lean. Mean. M3 machine.
SThe M3 chip brings even greater capabilities to the superportable 13-inch MacBook Air. With up to 18 hours of battery life,1 you can take it anywhere and blaze through work and play.
Key Features
- M2 chip with next-generation CPU, GPU, and machine learning performance
- Faster 8-core CPU and up to 10-core GPU to power through complex tasks2
- 16-core Neural Engine for advanced machine learning tasks
- Up to 24GB of faster unified memory makes everything you do super fluid
- Up to 20 percent faster for applying image filters and effects2
- Up to 40 percent faster for editing complex video timelines2
- Go all day with up to 18 hours of battery life1
- Fanless design for silent operation
- 13.6-inch Liquid Retina display with 500 nits of brightness and P3 wide color for vibrant images and incredible detail3
- 1080p FaceTime HD camera with twice the resolution and low-light performance
- Three-microphone array focuses on your voice instead of what's going on around you
- Four-speaker sound system with Spatial Audio for an immersive listening experience
- Share content seamlessly between iPhone and Mac
- MagSafe charging port, two Thunderbolt ports, and headphone jack
- Backlit Magic Keyboard and Touch ID for secure unlock and payments
- Fast Wi-Fi 6 wireless connectivity
- Superfast SSD storage launches apps and opens files in an instant
- macOS Monterey lets you connect, share, and create like never before�across all your Apple devices
- Available in midnight, starlight, space gray, and silver
- Ask us about build-to-order options
Protection for your Mac.
Every Mac comes with a one-year limited warranty and 90 days of telephone technical support.* AppleCare+® for Mac extends your coverage to three years from the original purchase date of your Mac and adds up to two incidents of accident damage coverage, each subject to a service fee of $99 for screen damage or external enclosure damage, or $299 for other damage, plus applicable tax. In addition, you'll get 24/7 priority access to Apple experts via chat or phone.
AppleCare for MacBook Air M3 $199
The M3 chip brings even greater capabilities to the superportable 13-inch MacBook Air. With up to 18 hours of battery life,1 you can take it anywhere and blaze through work and play.
Key Features
- LEAN. MEAN. M3 MACHINE—The blazing-fast MacBook Air with the M3 chip is a superportable laptop that sails through work and play.
- PORTABLE DESIGN—Lightweight and under half an inch thin, so you can take MacBook Air anywhere you go.
- GET MORE DONE FASTER—The powerful 8-core CPU and up to 10-core GPU of the Apple M3 chip keep things running smoothly.
- UP TO 18 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE1—Amazing, all-day battery life so you can leave the power adapter at home.
- A BRILLIANT DISPLAY—The 13.6-inch Liquid Retina display2 supports one billion colors.
- LOOK SHARP, SOUND GREAT—Everything looks and sounds amazing with a 1080p FaceTime HD camera, three mics, and four speakers with Spatial Audio.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON—All your favorites, from Microsoft 365 to Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.3
- GET CONNECTED—MacBook Air features two Thunderbolt ports, a headphone jack, Wi-Fi 6E,4 Bluetooth 5.3, and a MagSafe charging port. And connect up to two external displays with the laptop lid closed.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—MacBook Air works like magic with your other Apple devices.5 Start an email on your iPhone and finish it on your Mac. Send text messages from your Mac. And much more.
- Ask us about build-to-order options
16GB RAM, 256GB SSD
$1,099
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 8-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 256GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
16GB RAM, 512GB SSD
$1,299
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
24GB RAM, 512GB SSD
$1,499
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
Ask us about custom configured models!
Configurable options are available. 1 Battery life varies by use and configuration. See apple.com/batteries for more information. 2 The display on the 13-inch MacBook Air has rounded corners at the top. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screen is 13.6 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less). 3 Apps are available on the App Store. 4 Wi-Fi 6E available in countries and regions where supported. 5 Requires iCloud and internet connection.
MacBook Air 15-inch M3
MacBook Air 15". Lean. Mean. M3 machine.
The M3 chip brings even greater capabilities to the superportable 15-inch MacBook Air. With up to 18 hours of battery life and a spacious Liquid Retina display, you can take it anywhere and blaze through work and play..
Key Features
- M2 chip for incredible performance
- 8-core CPU and up to 10-core GPU to power through complex tasks
- 16-core Neural Engine for advanced machine learning tasks
- Up to 24GB of unified memory makes everything you do fast and fluid
- Up to 20 percent faster for applying image filters and effects2
- Up to 40 percent faster for editing complex video timelines2
- Go all day with up to 18 hours of battery life1
- Fanless design for silent operation
- 15.3-inch Liquid Retina display with 500 nits of brightness and P3 wide color for vibrant images and incredible detail3
- 1080p FaceTime HD camera
- Three-microphone array focuses on your voice instead of what�s going on around you
- Six-speaker sound system with Spatial Audio for an immersive listening experience
- MagSafe 3 port, two Thunderbolt ports, and headphone jack
- Backlit Magic Keyboard and Touch ID for secure unlock and payments
- Fast Wi-Fi 6 wireless connectivity
- Superfast SSD storage launches apps and opens files in an instant
- macOS Ventura gives you powerful ways to get more done, share, and collaborate�and works great with iPhone and iPad4
- Available in Midnight, Starlight, Space Gray, and Silver
- Ask us about build-to-order options
Protection for your Mac.
Every Mac comes with a one-year limited warranty and 90 days of telephone technical support.* AppleCare+® for Mac extends your coverage to three years from the original purchase date of your Mac and adds up to two incidents of accident damage coverage, each subject to a service fee of $99 for screen damage or external enclosure damage, or $299 for other damage, plus applicable tax. In addition, you'll get 24/7 priority access to Apple experts via chat or phone.
AppleCare for MacBook Air 15-inch M3 $229
The M3 chip brings even greater capabilities to the superportable 15-inch MacBook Air. With up to 18 hours of battery life1 and a spacious Liquid Retina display, you can take it anywhere and blaze through work and play.
Key Features
- LEAN. MEAN. M3 MACHINE—The blazing-fast MacBook Air with the M3 chip is a superportable laptop that sails through work and play.
- PORTABLE DESIGN—Lightweight and under half an inch thin, so you can take MacBook Air anywhere you go.
- GET MORE DONE FASTER—The powerful 8-core CPU and 10-core GPU of the Apple M3 chip keep things running smoothly.
- UP TO 18 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE1—Amazing, all-day battery life so you can leave the power adapter at home.
- MORE ROOM FOR WHAT YOU LOVE—The 15.3-inch Liquid Retina display2 supports one billion colors.
- LOOK SHARP, SOUND GREAT—Everything looks and sounds amazing with a 1080p FaceTime HD camera, three mics, and six speakers with Spatial Audio.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON—All your favorites, from Microsoft 365 to Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.3
- GET CONNECTED—MacBook Air features two Thunderbolt ports, a headphone jack, Wi-Fi 6E,4 Bluetooth 5.3, and a MagSafe charging port. And connect up to two external displays with the laptop lid closed.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—MacBook Air works like magic with your other Apple devices.5 Start an email on your iPhone and finish it on your Mac. Send text messages from your Mac. And much more.
16GB RAM, 256GB SSD
$1,299
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 256GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
16GB RAM, 512GB SSD
$1,499
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
24GB RAM, 512GB SSD
$1,699
- Apple M3 chip with 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 24GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- Retina display with True Tone®
- Magic Keyboard
- Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Two Thunderbolt / USB 4 ports
Ask us about custom configured models!
Configurable options are available. 1 Battery life varies by use and configuration. See apple.com/batteries for more information. 2 The display on the 15-inch MacBook Air has rounded corners at the top. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screen is 15.3 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less). 3 Apps are available on the App Store. 4 Wi-Fi 6E available in countries and regions where supported. 5 Requires iCloud and internet connection.
MacBook Pro 14-inch
Spectacular speed. Brilliant display. Pro without equal.
The 14-inch MacBook Pro with M4 chip gives you spectacular performance in a powerhouse laptop built for Apple Intelligence.1 With up to 24 hours of battery life2 and a breathtaking Liquid Retina XDR display with up to 1600 nits peak brightness, it’s pro in every way.
Key Features
- SUPERCHARGED BY M4—The M4 chip brings spectacular speed and capability to blaze through everyday activities and multitask across multiple productivity and pro apps.
- BUILT FOR APPLE INTELLIGENCE1—Apple Intelligence is the personal intelligence system that helps you write, express yourself, and get things done effortlessly. With groundbreaking privacy protections, it gives you peace of mind that no one else can access your data—not even Apple.
- UP TO 24 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE2—The 14-inch MacBook Pro delivers the same exceptional performance whether it’s running on battery or plugged in.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON3—All your favorites, including Microsoft 365 and Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—Mac works like magic with your other Apple devices. View and control what’s on your iPhone from your Mac with iPhone Mirroring.4 Copy something on iPhone and paste it on Mac. Send texts with Messages or use your Mac to make and answer FaceTime calls.5
- BRILLIANT PRO DISPLAY—The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display6 features 1600 nits peak brightness and up to 1000 nits sustained brightness, 1,000,000:1 contrast.
- ADVANCED CAMERA AND AUDIO—Stay perfectly framed and sound great with a 12MP Center Stage camera, three studio-quality mics, and six speakers with Spatial Audio with support for Dolby Atmos.
- CONNECT IT ALL—The 14-inch MacBook Pro features three Thunderbolt 4 ports, a MagSafe 3 charging port, SDXC card slot, HDMI port, and headphone jack. And it supports up to two external displays.
- PRIVACY AND SECURITY ARE BUILT RIGHT IN—Every Mac comes with robust defenses against viruses and malware. If your Mac is lost or stolen, Find My can help you get it back. FileVault makes sure your files are encrypted so others cannot access them. And free security updates help keep your Mac protected.
-
Available in Silver and Space Black
Protection for your Mac.
Every Mac comes with a one-year limited warranty and 90 days of telephone technical support.* AppleCare+® for Mac extends your coverage to three years from the original purchase date of your Mac and adds up to two incidents of accident damage coverage, each subject to a service fee of $99 for screen damage or external enclosure damage, or $299 for other damage, plus applicable tax. In addition, you'll get 24/7 priority access to Apple experts via chat or phone.
AppleCare for MacBook Pro M4 14-inch $279
The 14-inch MacBook Pro with M4 chip gives you spectacular performance in a powerhouse laptop built for Apple Intelligence.1 With up to 24 hours of battery life2 and a breathtaking Liquid Retina XDR display with up to 1600 nits peak brightness, it’s pro in every way.
Key Features
- SUPERCHARGED BY M4—The M4 chip brings spectacular speed and capability to blaze through everyday activities and multitask across multiple productivity and pro apps.
- BUILT FOR APPLE INTELLIGENCE1—Apple Intelligence is the personal intelligence system that helps you write, express yourself, and get things done effortlessly. With groundbreaking privacy protections, it gives you peace of mind that no one else can access your data—not even Apple.
- UP TO 24 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE2—The 14-inch MacBook Pro delivers the same exceptional performance whether it’s running on battery or plugged in.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON3—All your favorites, including Microsoft 365 and Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—Mac works like magic with your other Apple devices. View and control what’s on your iPhone from your Mac with iPhone Mirroring.4 Copy something on iPhone and paste it on Mac. Send texts with Messages or use your Mac to make and answer FaceTime calls.5
- BRILLIANT PRO DISPLAY—The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display6 features 1600 nits peak brightness and up to 1000 nits sustained brightness, 1,000,000:1 contrast.
- ADVANCED CAMERA AND AUDIO—Stay perfectly framed and sound great with a 12MP Center Stage camera, three studio-quality mics, and six speakers with Spatial Audio with support for Dolby Atmos.
- CONNECT IT ALL—The 14-inch MacBook Pro features three Thunderbolt 4 ports, a MagSafe 3 charging port, SDXC card slot, HDMI port, and headphone jack. And it supports up to two external displays.
- PRIVACY AND SECURITY ARE BUILT RIGHT IN—Every Mac comes with robust defenses against viruses and malware. If your Mac is lost or stolen, Find My can help you get it back. FileVault makes sure your files are encrypted so others cannot access them. And free security updates help keep your Mac protected.
- Available in Silver and Space Black
M4 16GB RAM, 512GB SSD
$1,599
- Apple M4 chip with 10-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- Magic Keyboard with Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - 70W USB-C Power Adapter
M4 16GB RAM, 1TB SSD
$1,799
- Apple M4 chip with 10-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 16GB unified memory
- 1TB SSD storage1
- Magic Keyboard with Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - 70W USB-C Power Adapter
M4 24GB RAM, 1TB SSD
$1,999
- Apple M4 chip with 10-core CPU, 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 24GB unified memory
- 1TB SSD storage1
- Magic Keyboard with Touch ID®
- Force Touch trackpad
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - 70W USB-C Power Adapter
Ask us about custom configured models!
Configurable options are available. 1Apple Intelligence is available in beta on all Mac models with M1 and later, with Siri and device language set to U.S. English, as a macOS Sequoia update. English (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK) language support available this December. Some features and support for additional languages, like Chinese, English (India, Singapore), French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Vietnamese, and others, will be coming over the course of the next year. 2Battery life varies by use and configuration. See apple.com/batteries for more information. 3Apps are available on the App Store. Software and content may be sold separately. Title availability is subject to change. 4Available on Mac computers with Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac computers with a T2 Security Chip. Requires that your iPhone and Mac are signed in with the same Apple Account using two-factor authentication, your iPhone and Mac are near each other and have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi turned on, and your Mac is not using AirPlay or Sidecar. Some iPhone features (e.g., camera and microphone) are not compatible with iPhone Mirroring. 5FaceTime is not available in all countries or regions. 6The display on the 14-inch MacBook Pro has rounded corners at the top. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screen is 14.2 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less).
MacBook Pro 14-inch with M4 Pro
Do more of what you love. Even faster.
The 14-inch MacBook Pro with M4 Pro and M4 Max chips gives you outrageous performance in a powerhouse laptop built for Apple Intelligence.1 With up to 22 hours of battery life2 and a breathtaking Liquid Retina XDR display with up to 1600 nits peak brightness, it’s pro in every way.
Key Features
- SUPERCHARGED BY M4 PRO OR M4 MAX—The M4 Pro chip blazes through demanding tasks like compiling millions of lines of code. M4 Max can handle the most challenging workflows like rendering intricate 3D content.
- BUILT FOR APPLE INTELLIGENCE1—Apple Intelligence is the personal intelligence system that helps you write, express yourself, and get things done effortlessly. With groundbreaking privacy protections, it gives you peace of mind that no one else can access your data—not even Apple.
- UP TO 22 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE2—The 14-inch MacBook Pro delivers the same exceptional performance whether it’s running on battery or plugged in.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON3—All your favorites, including Microsoft 365 and Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—Mac works like magic with your other Apple devices. View and control what’s on your iPhone from your Mac with iPhone Mirroring.4 Copy something on iPhone and paste it on Mac. Send texts with Messages or use your Mac to make and answer FaceTime calls.5
- BRILLIANT PRO DISPLAY—The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display6 features 1600 nits peak brightness and up to 1000 nits sustained brightness, 1,000,000:1 contrast.
- ADVANCED CAMERA AND AUDIO—Stay perfectly framed and sound great with a 12MP Center Stage camera, three studio-quality mics, and six speakers with Spatial Audio with support for Dolby Atmos.
- CONNECT IT ALL—The 14-inch MacBook Pro features three Thunderbolt 5 ports, a MagSafe 3 charging port, SDXC card slot, HDMI port, and headphone jack. And it supports up to two external displays with M4 Pro, or up to four with M4 Max.
- PRIVACY AND SECURITY ARE BUILT RIGHT IN—Every Mac comes with robust defenses against viruses and malware. If your Mac is lost or stolen, Find My can help you get it back. FileVault makes sure your files are encrypted so others cannot access them. And free security updates help keep your Mac protected.
- Available in space gray and silver
- Ask us about build-to-order options
Protection for your Mac.
Every Mac comes with a one-year limited warranty and 90 days of telephone technical support.* AppleCare+® for Mac extends your coverage to three years from the original purchase date of your Mac and adds up to two incidents of accident damage coverage, each subject to a service fee of $99 for screen damage or external enclosure damage, or $299 for other damage, plus applicable tax. In addition, you'll get 24/7 priority access to Apple experts via chat or phone.
AppleCare for MacBook Pro M4 Pro/Max 14-inch $399
The 14-inch MacBook Pro with M4 Pro and M4 Max chips gives you outrageous performance in a powerhouse laptop built for Apple Intelligence.1 With up to 22 hours of battery life2 and a breathtaking Liquid Retina XDR display with up to 1600 nits peak brightness, it’s pro in every way.
Key Features
- SUPERCHARGED BY M4 PRO OR M4 MAX—The M4 Pro chip blazes through demanding tasks like compiling millions of lines of code. M4 Max can handle the most challenging workflows like rendering intricate 3D content.
- BUILT FOR APPLE INTELLIGENCE1—Apple Intelligence is the personal intelligence system that helps you write, express yourself, and get things done effortlessly. With groundbreaking privacy protections, it gives you peace of mind that no one else can access your data—not even Apple.
- UP TO 22 HOURS OF BATTERY LIFE2—The 14-inch MacBook Pro delivers the same exceptional performance whether it’s running on battery or plugged in.
- APPS FLY WITH APPLE SILICON3—All your favorites, including Microsoft 365 and Adobe Creative Cloud, run lightning fast in macOS.
- IF YOU LOVE IPHONE, YOU’LL LOVE MAC—Mac works like magic with your other Apple devices. View and control what’s on your iPhone from your Mac with iPhone Mirroring.4 Copy something on iPhone and paste it on Mac. Send texts with Messages or use your Mac to make and answer FaceTime calls.5
- BRILLIANT PRO DISPLAY—The 14.2-inch Liquid Retina XDR display6 features 1600 nits peak brightness and up to 1000 nits sustained brightness, 1,000,000:1 contrast.
- ADVANCED CAMERA AND AUDIO—Stay perfectly framed and sound great with a 12MP Center Stage camera, three studio-quality mics, and six speakers with Spatial Audio with support for Dolby Atmos.
- CONNECT IT ALL—The 14-inch MacBook Pro features three Thunderbolt 5 ports, a MagSafe 3 charging port, SDXC card slot, HDMI port, and headphone jack. And it supports up to two external displays with M4 Pro, or up to four with M4 Max.
- PRIVACY AND SECURITY ARE BUILT RIGHT IN—Every Mac comes with robust defenses against viruses and malware. If your Mac is lost or stolen, Find My can help you get it back. FileVault makes sure your files are encrypted so others cannot access them. And free security updates help keep your Mac protected.
- Available in space gray and silver
- Ask us about build-to-order options
512GB with 16-core GPU
$1,999
- Apple M4 Pro chip with 12-core CPU, 16-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 24GB unified memory
- 512GB SSD storage1
- 14-inch Liquid Retina XDR display2
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - Magic Keyboard with Touch ID
- Force Touch trackpad
- 70W USB-C Power Adapter
1TB with 20-core GPU
$2,399
- Apple M4 Pro chip with 14-core CPU, 20-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 24GB unified memory
- 1TB SSD storage1
- 14-inch Liquid Retina XDR display2
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - Magic Keyboard with Touch ID
- Force Touch trackpad
- 70W USB-C Power Adapter
1TB with 32-core GPU
$3,199
- Apple M4 Max chip with 14-core CPU, 32-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 36GB unified memory
- 1TB SSD storage1
- 14-inch Liquid Retina XDR display2
- Three Thunderbolt 5 ports, HDMI port, SDXC card slot,
headphone jack, MagSafe 3 port - Magic Keyboard with Touch ID
- Force Touch trackpad
- 70W USB-C Power Adapter
Ask us about custom configured models!
Configurable options are available. 1Apple Intelligence is available in beta on all Mac models with M1 and later, with Siri and device language set to U.S. English, as a macOS Sequoia update. English (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK) language support available this December. Some features and support for additional languages, like Chinese, English (India, Singapore), French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Vietnamese, and others, will be coming over the course of the next year. 2Battery life varies by use and configuration. See apple.com/batteries for more information. 3Apps are available on the App Store. Software and content may be sold separately. Title availability is subject to change. 4Available on Mac computers with Apple silicon and Intel-based Mac computers with a T2 Security Chip. Requires that your iPhone and Mac are signed in with the same Apple Account using two-factor authentication, your iPhone and Mac are near each other and have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi turned on, and your Mac is not using AirPlay or Sidecar. Some iPhone features (e.g., camera and microphone) are not compatible with iPhone Mirroring. 5FaceTime is not available in all countries or regions. 6The display on the 14-inch MacBook Pro has rounded corners at the top. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screen is 14.2 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less).
